Frequently Asked Questions

HS codes (Harmonized System codes) are international classification numbers used to identify goods for trade and customs formalities. They are managed by the World Customs Organization (WCO) and form the global basis for import tariffs and trade statistics.

Key characteristics of HS codes:

• Structure: A standard HS code consists of 6 digits. Countries may add extra digits to indicate national or regional specifications.

• Chapters: The first 2 digits represent the main category of the product.

• Headings: The next 2 digits provide a further specification within that category.

• Subheadings: The last 2 digits refine the classification even more.

Applications of HS codes:

• Determining import duties and taxes

• Collecting trade statistics

• Applying trade agreements and enforcing regulations

Advantages:

• Ensures consistent classification of goods in international trade

• Prevents misunderstandings and speeds up customs procedures

In intercontinental shipping, various types of containers are used, each suited to specific kinds of cargo. Here’s an overview of the most common ones:

• 20GP (Twenty-foot General Purpose) – 1 TEU
  Standard 20-foot container, approx. 33 m³ capacity.
  Internal dimensions: 5.90 x 2.35 x 2.39 meters (L x W x H)

• 40GP (Forty-foot General Purpose) – 2 TEU
  Twice as long as the 20GP, approx. 67 m³ capacity.
  Internal dimensions: 12.02 x 2.35 x 2.39 meters

• 40HC (Forty-foot High Cube) – 2 TEU
  Same length as the 40GP but higher, approx. 76 m³ capacity.
  Internal dimensions: 12.02 x 2.35 x 2.69 meters

• Open Top Container
  Container without a fixed roof, intended for cargo too tall for a standard container. Ideal for machinery or construction parts.

• Reefer Container
  Insulated, temperature-controlled container that can refrigerate or freeze. Available in both 20- and 40-foot versions.
  Note: Internal dimensions differ from dry containers due to insulation.

• Flatrack
  Container without sidewalls or a roof, only a floor and end walls. Suitable for oversized cargo such as vehicles, machinery, or steel structures.

In sea freight, there are two common shipping methods depending on the size of your shipment:

• FCL (Full Container Load):
  You rent an entire container for your own goods, regardless of whether you fill it completely. This is ideal for large shipments and offers advantages such as reduced risk of damage or delay.

• LCL (Less than Container Load):
  You share the container with shipments from other parties (consolidation). This option is often more economical for smaller volumes, as you only pay for the space you use.

• • Actual weight:
    The physical weight of the shipment, measured in kilograms.

  • Chargeable weight:
    The weight used to calculate shipping costs. It is the higher of two values: the actual weight or the volumetric weight (calculated based on the shipment’s dimensions).

  For light but bulky shipments, the volumetric weight may be higher than the actual weight — in that case, the volumetric weight is used as the chargeable weight.

Not all goods are permitted in air freight. Some products pose a risk to onboard safety and are either prohibited or allowed only under strict conditions.

Examples of prohibited or regulated goods:

• Explosives and ammunition

• Flammable liquids and gases (such as gasoline, aerosols)

• Lithium batteries (especially damaged or large batteries)

• Corrosive or toxic substances

• Radioactive materials

• Strong magnets or devices that can cause interference

Some of these goods may be shipped but only with special packaging, labeling, and documentation according to the IATA Dangerous Goods Regulations (DGR).